Heatwaves are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change, posing serious health risks to individuals and communities. In Nigeria, the recent heatwave has led to soaring temperatures, leaving many vulnerable to dehydration, heat exhaustion, and other heat-related illnesses. Understanding how to navigate extreme heat conditions is crucial for survival and well-being.
A heatwave is a prolonged period of excessively high temperatures, often accompanied by high humidity. It occurs when the temperature remains significantly above the average for a specific region over a sustained period.
But guess what? Heatwaves are not just uncomfortable, they can be life-threatening, particularly for children, the elderly, pregnant women, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions.
Below are some of the health risks of Heatwaves
1. Dehydration
Excessive sweating causes the body to lose fluids rapidly, leading to dehydration. Symptoms include dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, and reduced urine output. Severe dehydration can cause confusion and organ failure if left untreated.
2. Heat Exhaustion
This occurs when the body overheats due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Symptoms include heavy sweating, nausea, rapid heartbeat, headache, and weakness. If not addressed, it can progress to heat stroke.
3. Heat Stroke
A severe and life-threatening condition where the body’s temperature regulation fails. It results in high body temperature (above 40°C), confusion, fainting, and loss of consciousness. Without immediate medical attention, heat stroke can cause permanent organ damage or death.
4. Respiratory Problems
High temperatures can increase air pollution levels, leading to respiratory distress, particularly for individuals with asthma or other lung conditions.
5. Cardiovascular Strain
Heatwaves put extra strain on the heart as it works harder to cool the body. This increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular complications, especially in older adults.
Who is most at risk?
While everyone is susceptible to heat-related illnesses, certain groups are at higher risk, including:
Elderly individuals: Their bodies struggle to regulate temperature effectively.
Infants and young children: They are more sensitive to temperature changes and dehydrate faster.
Pregnant women: Heat stress can lead to complications such as preterm labor.
Individuals with chronic illnesses: Conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease can worsen in extreme heat.
Outdoor workers: People who work in construction, farming, and other outdoor jobs face prolonged sun exposure.
Low-income communities: Limited access to cooling facilities and healthcare increases vulnerability.
Preventive Measures to Stay Safe During a Heatwave
Taking proactive steps can help reduce the risks associated with extreme temperatures. Here are essential measures to protect yourself and your loved ones:
1. Stay Hydrated
Drink plenty of water throughout the day, even if you don’t feel thirsty.
Avoid excessive caffeine and alcohol, as they contribute to dehydration.
Consume hydrating foods like fruits and vegetables, such as watermelon and cucumbers.
2.Stay Indoors During Peak Heat Hours
Minimize outdoor activities between 12 PM and 4 PM, when temperatures are highest.
If you must go outside, wear a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen to protect against sunburn.
3. Keep Your Living Space Cool
Close curtains and blinds during the day to block out heat.
Use fans, air conditioning, or natural ventilation to maintain airflow.
If your home is too hot, consider visiting air-conditioned places such as malls or community centers.
4. Wear Lightweight and Breathable Clothing
Go for loose-fitting, light-colored clothes made of cotton or linen.
Avoid synthetic fabrics that trap heat and moisture.
5. Take Cool Showers or Use Damp Cloths
A cold shower or applying a wet cloth to pulse points (wrists, neck, and forehead) can help cool down your body.
6. Look Out for Vulnerable Individuals
Check on elderly relatives, neighbors, and people with pre-existing health conditions.
Ensure babies and young children remain cool and well-hydrated.
7. Adjust Your Diet
Eat smaller, more frequent meals instead of heavy, greasy foods.
Avoid spicy meals that can raise body temperature.
8. Be Aware of Heatwave Warnings
Stay updated on weather forecasts and heed heatwave alerts.
Follow government and health advisories regarding extreme heat conditions.
What to Do in Case of Heat-Related Emergencies
If you or someone else exhibits signs of heat exhaustion or heat stroke, take immediate action:
For Heat Exhaustion:
Move to a cool, shaded place.
Drink water and rest.
Apply cool compresses to the body.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
For Heat Stroke (Medical Emergency):
Call for emergency medical help immediately.
Move the person to a cooler area and remove excess clothing.
Fan them while applying cool water to their body.
Do not give fluids if they are unconscious.
The Bigger Picture: Combating Heatwaves in Nigeria
While personal preventive measures are crucial, long-term solutions require systemic action. Government policies and community efforts can help mitigate the impact of extreme heat by:
Improving urban planning to incorporate green spaces and better ventilation.
Investing in climate adaptation strategies to prepare for rising temperatures.
Expanding access to electricity and cooling solutions in low-income areas.
Raising public awareness on the dangers of heatwaves and safety measures.
Heatwaves are more than just uncomfortable weather patterns, they are serious environmental hazards that threaten health and well-being. By understanding the risks, taking preventive steps, and advocating for climate-resilient policies, we can protect ourselves and our communities from extreme heat.
At Sonvisage, we are committed to raising awareness and providing innovative solutions to ensure that everyone can stay safe even in extreme temperatures. Together, we can build a healthier, more resilient future for all.
